Who this article is for

Please be aware that if you want to move from Cumulus 1 to MX, you should read Moving_from_Cumulus_1_to_MX article instead.

This article is for those who already use MX, and so are comfortable with basic MX installation and running.

Who is not intended reader

Cumulus MX has been updated so frequently in 2020, that you may be used to updating to a new build, and for you this article is not useful.

Introduction to updating MX

Installer Option

HansR on support forum is developing an installer as this is being typed, see this topic. He proposes to start a new topic when his installer is ready for general use, and I hope he will update this section appropriately.

Updating if you are running MX on a Linux computer

You might want to read galfert's post on the support forum here for the relevant Linux instructions in a concise format.

Updating to the next MX release if you have not updated before

The simplest update is from the immediate preceding build, and the steps required are summarised as follows:

Download the release distribution zip for the next build (see later for where from)
Use Control-C to stop Cumulus MX (see later if running as a service)
Take a backup of your complete existing MX installation (as it is not running, no files will be locked)
Unzip the new distribution overwriting the previous installation (the release announcement might ask you to delete obsolete files)
Run any one-off batch scripts needed to prepare for upgrade (see later for examples)
Restart your Cumulus MX (consider running with -debug parameter if you are not sure the new build is bug free)

The remainder of this article explains all options for updating, and is thus less simple than above.

Considerations that determine when to update

Cumulus MX will nag you, in various places, to make you aware if you are not running the latest build. Some people will choose to update as soon after a new release as they can. However, each upgrade does involve a period when MX is not running, and that causes some loss of data:

for some weather station types readings taken every minute, or more frequently, are replaced by whatever period you station data logger records at;
for other stations, without their own logging, all data is lost for the period when MX is not running.

Other, more cautious, people (like the present writer) will not update each time a new release becomes available (and there are a lot of new releases in 2020), here are some of the reasons:

you will see in the Cumulus Support Forum that many builds have bugs, and so you realise that it is better to stick with your fully working release, than install one with bugs;
you may wish to avoid the loss of data mentioned above, by minimising the number of times that you stop MX;
you may run MX on a computer that you rarely visit, perhaps even in a remote location not often visited, so you prefer to leave it untouched, rather than risk possibility of being unable to restart remotely;
you may just have more important ways to use your time than updating your MX software, and some new builds might not give you any benefits that make it worthwhile to change your priorities.

It is perfectly possible to update from old versions of MX to the latest, skipping intermediate versions, but there are some key versions that you should not skip over. This article also includes suggestions for which releases to install and get running before moving onto newer releases. This will be especially useful for those people who do not immediately update to new releases, as per above suggestions.

Advice about skipping versions

Early builds of MX were all assigned to the same version number, recently the version number seems to change with every new build. Thus the following simple advice about skipping versions might not be applicable in 2021 onwards.

One would assume that, skipping minor releases in an update (from 3.x.y to 3.x.z, i.e. only final digit of version number changing is a minor release) would always be simple, even if several intermediate builds are skipped. Most developers would not introduce a new feature in a minor release that requires a one-off extra action for a successful upgrade. Unfortunately, some minor releases of MX have required you to do special actions.

One might assume that the ease of doing a major update (i.e. where middle part of version number changes) involves greater difficulty. Most developers would only classify a new release as a major update if there was new functionality being introduced that, depending on what functionality you use, might involve a one-off extra action to prepare for upgrade to that version. It is harder to understand why some MX releases are classified as major version number change, and some as minor version number change.

You may be using an old version of MX that is actually several versions behind, or even still using a beta version released by Steve Loft, don't worry because this article covers upgrading however old a version you are using. You can update skipping some major updates, but as that can be more complex, there is a separate section later with advice on how to update in stages from an early build to a recent build.

Knowing when a new release is available

CREDIT

Thanks to Billy on support forum for suggesting text for this section.

Using forum notifications

As new releases are announced in Cumulus MX Announcements and Download - PLEASE READ FIRST topic, you can use the spanner tool to subscribe to this topic to receive notifications of a new post announcing a new release (or any other release-related announcement).

MX terminal message

If ...

...you have a monitor to see the terminal output from the Cumulus MX engine (Windows calls this either a command window, powershell window, or a terminal window depending on how you invoke it, for Unix-based implementations this is the output window when using the terminal functionality), AND
...your device running MX is connected to internet, AND
...your MONO (if not Windows) is not obsolete (SSL certificate out of date), AND
...you restart MX

... then you will see a prompt when a new version of MX is available.

It is worth stressing that if you leave MX running, then this feature will leave you blissfully unaware that an update is available; it only checks when MX is restarted.

MXDiags

In addition ...

...if you can view the MXdiags file for the current session of MX, AND
... MX is running with connection to the internet, AND
...you restart MX

... if a new version of MX is available, the MXDiags file will say so (the message is not easy to spot as there is a lot of output before it, and variation in what output appears before it). Anyway, here is one example, just one example as in my experience the message has appeared at different places for each of the recent updates):

2020-05-27 04:18:48.326 Calculating sunrise and sunset times
2020-05-27 04:18:48.326 Sunrise: 04:58:11
2020-05-27 04:18:48.326 Sunset : 21:19:54
2020-05-27 04:18:48.326 Tomorrow sunrise: 04:57:08
2020-05-27 04:18:48.326 Tomorrow sunset : 21:21:11
2020-05-27 04:18:48.388 You are not running the latest version of CumulusMX, build 3080 is available.
2020-05-27 04:18:48.763 Station type:

There is no message in whatever place it can appear ...

... if you are using latest version, OR
... if you are not connected to the internet, OR
... if you keep MX running all the time!

Start/Stop script

When the Status option of this script is used, whenever a new release of MX is available, it will output a message.

Dashboard in MX Admin Interface

In recent releases, one of the alarm indicators shown at the bottom of the dashboard page of the administrative interface, will flash red when you are not running latest build, and glow green when there is no newer release compared to the one you are running.

Web Tags

Since 3.7.0 release of MX, two relevant web tags have become available:

<#NewBuildAvailable> Returns a boolean value
- 0 - MX running the latest build available
- 1 - MX is running an earlier build than the latest public release
<#NewBuildNumber> Displays the latest public release build number

What to read (and when) before updating

Updating from immediately preceding build

The release announcement

The release announcement is found in Cumulus MX Announcements and Download - PLEASE READ FIRST topic of the support forum.

Generally, a release announcement WILL contain
1. An overall purpose for that particular release (e.g. fixing bugs or adding functionality)
2. Details of what functionality has been added
3. Details of what bugs have been fixed, or where the processing has been improved
4. (For older releases only) A list of the main files that have been added or amended in the release (excluding "updates.txt" which is amended in each release)
  - (Publishing a list of changed files has been discontinued, because people were updating selected files, and often missed crucial ones, like CumulusMX.cfg)
Sometimes, a release announcement MAY contain
- Descriptions of one-off actions (like changing the schema if you use a database, or editing your web pages to take advantage of new web tags).
- Actual scripts to download and run to perform the necessary one-off actions.
Be aware that it is worth while checking back on the release announcement for a few days after a release.
- It may have been edited because the original announcement forgot to mention something.
- It may have been edited to mention that some bugs have now been found
  - That may mean you are advised to regress to an earlier version and use that
  - It might mean that some supporting files in current version are wrong, and you only need to regress those named files
  - There might be an emergency release to fix the bugs, and you need to update to that emergency release
  - Finally you might be given advice to avoid using certain parts of the functionality or take some other action until the next release is available.

Other places where you can find information about release content

Although it is not always kept in step, a concise summary of all formal MX releases is available at Cumulus_MX_formal_release_versions.

You can also view the latest Updates.txt.

Deciding whether to update to new release

This has been covered earlier in this article, but I repeat here 2 critical considerations:

Any new development or change in a new version of MX might cause problems for some users. You might want to stick with the version you are already using unless you really need any new functionality or the fixes gained by upgrading.
Also remember that there are bugs in (almost) all versions of MX, this is a large and complicated package, and the current developer has not been able to test all the code with all possible settings and all possible weather stations.

Updating to a new minor build, skipping in-between minor builds

For a minor version build either the associated version number does not change or only the final section changes (3.x.y to 3.x.z).

Reading multiple release announcements

If you are skipping some intermediate builds, then you will need to read each of the formal release announcements for builds after the build you currently use.

The other sources of release information mentioned above may be consulted as an alternative and may highlight something useful, but the formal release announcement contains what the developer wants you to know.

Action to take when skipping minor intermediate builds

You need to apply the cumulative actions recommended (i.e. apply any actions in sequence as listed for each intermediate build). Unfortunately, for Cumulus MX, one cannot assume that minor builds have no one-off actions associated with them. Luckily, most of the advice above for updating from immediately preceding build still applies.

Updating to a new major version

Generally, if the developer decides a new build warrants classification as a major version (i.e. 3.w.0) then the change being implemented is significant enough that updating might be more complex.

Examples of what might be classified as a major change

Additions to fields in log files (whilst older lines can continue to be read, you might want to consider amending your standard data log by populating the additional derivatives for older lines)
Schema changes for database tables (if you don't use the standard tables, this might be irrelevant to you), the standard insert operations by MX can cope with extra columns in a table, but will fail if any column they try to update is missing
Additions, changes, or removals, in configuration file (in general MX will ignore unrecognised parameters, but it does need correct values for those attributes it does recognise), see release announcements to discover if new lines in configuration file need you to add them manually or you need to use the admin interface to select the right setting for you
New pages in Administrative Interface (additional pages require menu on every other page to be amended)
Changes to existing pages in admin interface that involve changes to associated files (it is vital that all associated files are from same build)
Catering for new weather station sensors, or new ways of communicating (this might not seem relevant to you)
Any interface functionality changes (it may look the same, but what it does has changed)
Additions to files being generated for web server (i.e. changes to template files, or additions to web or webfiles folders), even if you use your own versions of such files you may want to check the revisions

What you need to read

Basically, check the corresponding release announcements for every version since the one you have been using before planning your upgrade.
- Make a note of any one-off actions required at particular in-between versions, remember these actions are only in forum release announcements.
- Although one-off actions will not be described in the Wiki (whether on the Software page or the Cumulus_MX_formal_release_versions page), the Wiki can give you an idea of what functionality has been improved to help you decide whether to update.
It is still worth reading all the points made above for updating from immediately preceding build.

Doing the upgrade

Download the release distribution
Use control-c (or equivalent for MX running as service) to stop your existing MX software
Backup your existing installation
Do the on-off actions identified (e.g. changing schema of database tables, adding new configuration
Unzip the distribution over existing one (alternative installation options listed later)
Restart MX, considering whether to use -debug parameter in case the new release does not work for you
Check the latest file in the MXDiags folder after an hour, to see if there have been any problems with reading from station, real-time uploads, standard uploads, or hourly uploads. (You may wish to recheck after an End of Day action has been done).

Updating from a very old version

Many people believe if it works, it don't need fixing. So they install whatever MX version is available when they start using MX and ignore all the bug fixing and new functionality being added, and stick with their existing installation.

Suddenly they realise that perhaps their version does lack functionality that would be useful to them. Maybe their version does not have an editor for correcting rogue extreme records and they realise correcting log files is something that is hard for them to do.

This section is therefore included to give advice on why you should not jump from an old version to the latest directly, but how it can be safely done in stages.

Recommendations for staged updating

This section will need to be updated, new contributors are needed to keep this advice current.

If using 3.0.0 (the MX original beta)

Update to 3.5.1 by downloading it at https://github.com/cumulusmx/CumulusMX/releases/tag/b3072.

This gives you essential new functionality in the admin interface like editors for the log files and extreme records. But it also fixes multiple bugs in the beta you were using and adds some useful validation missing in the beta.

It does not involve any updates to the fields in the log files nor to the columns in any database tables you use.

It skips you past the problems in 3.5.0. It gives you benefits introduced in 3.1.x, 3.2.y, 3.3.z, and 3.4.w releases.

Now follow instructions below, for If using a 3.5.x release

If using either 3.1.x, 3.2.y, 3.3.z, or 3.4.w releases

As above, update to 3.5.1 by downloading it at [[1]]. As above, now follow instructions in next sub-section.

If using a 3.5.x release

My advice is to update directly to 3.7.0 available at Mark's Github repository.

You should skip the intermediate releases because several 3.6.y releases have bugs in them, and you want to avoid those problems (the bugs vary in severity between mistakes in calculations done by MX to particular functionality not working).

But there may be additional actions you need to do when moving from 3.5.x to 3.7.y, depending on what features you use in MX:

there are no additional actions if you use standard web pages and you do not use database tables, just enjoy the bug fixes and extra features after your update!
If you use database tables, be aware that the schema (Column names that must be in a table) varies between 3.5.x versions and 3.7.y versions.
- The updating database table features in MX will only work if all the columns named in each such upload update already exist in the database table it is trying to update.
- Look at individual release announcements for both 3.6.0 and 3.7.0, to see the SQL provided for adding the columns added at particular versions.
  - At 3.6.0 the SQL was provided as a separate attachment to the release announcement (read UpdateMYSQL-b3076.zip)
  - At 3.7.0 the SQL was provided as part of the main zip (read AlterSQLTables3098.sql)
  - In both cases, the SQL provided assumes you are using the default names for database tables, it does not read Cumulus.ini to see whether you have selected different names for the tables (unlike ExportMySQL.exe and standard CumulusMX.exe uploads which check what tables names you have selected for updates).
If you have your own customised web pages, then there are changes to web tags that might lead to you needing to edit your web pages.
If you use commas to separate integer and decimal parts of real numbers, then various releases from 3.6.0 to 3.7.0 add "rc=y" to various web tags, that option will replace the decimal commas you use by decimal points that are required for some script languages (like the JavaScript used by HighCharts), and that makes it easier if you want to customise your web site.

if using a 3.7.y release

Only 3.7.0 was ever released, it introduced a lot of changes, so that is why staged upgrades recommend that this version is implemented and run fro a while before continuing to upgrade.

Version 3.8.0 was a major release, as it introduced the ability to run Cumulus MX as a service. However, there were bugs in the builds in all 3.8.z versions, and in some 3.9.x versions, so it is recommended that anyone using 3.7.0 upgrades directly to version 3.9.6 - build 3101. However there is a one-off change described in v3.9.0 - b3095 release announcement for those using RG-11 rain sensor. There is a further on-off change described in release announcement for Patch release 3.9.1 - b3096 for those who use Mono to enable the executables to run.

if using either 3.8.x or 3.9.y release

See previous entry, upgrade directly to 3.9.6, or any later build without any major change.

Recommended Actions when Updating

Back-ups

It is always best to take a backup of your existing MX installation before you do an update, this allows you to regress back to the earlier version if either you mess up installing the new version, or the new version has a issue that prevents it working with the versions of other software (like MONO) that your installation uses.

The two approaches

Contributors to this section are named in text.

Some people upgrade by just copying in the files that the release announcement says have changed, others copy in all files from the downloaded zip. The first should only be used with caution, files like CumulusMX.exe.config can change between versions, but not be mentioned in a release announcement, and the developer will have been making edits to files since the previous release, and might forget exactly which files have been edited between releases. Also you may be upgrading from an earlier version and therefore be skipping several intermediate releases. You may be able to see the dates when files were changed within the zip and therefore be able to decide for yourself if you compare those dates with the previous release you were using if you have kept the download for the version you were using.

The rename old approach

The popular approach recommended by many forum contributors in many different posts (including at this post by Mark Crossley for example is to rename your current install directory, then unzip the new release, letting it create a new CumulusMX folder (or whatever name you prefer and specify in unzip options).
However, you will find that this option is not being recommended any more, because it relies on you knowing which files (see final point) you need to copy back.
Copy across Cumulus.ini and (if you use it) string.ini into that new directory, and then copy the contents of the data and Reports directories from your current install to the new install.
Don't forget to copy any other set-up files across too.
- The advantage (as Mark says) is that you ensure you do use all the files in the new release, and don't miss out any he may have forgotten to mention in his release announcement.
- A key advantage is that you don't retain files that an old release migt have needed but the new release does not use.
- Another advantage (as PaulMy says here for example) is that you retain your old set-up intact and can easily restore it should you have a problem with new release.
Various people advise that you don't delete your old installation for a week or so; as you may notice something from the older version that you haven't copied across!
Check again that you copied across (you may not have all of these files, but if you have them in old installation then you need them in new installation) strings.ini, twitter.txt, Cumulus.ini, and similar files in the same folder level as CumulusMX.exe, as well as all the files in the data and Reports sub-folders. Then, provided you are happy, you can delete the old release when you want to reduce clutter on your storage discs.

The overwrite approach

The general advice is that if you want custom pages for the administrative interface, or custom templates to process to produce your web pages, then these custom files should be given different names (and ideally be placed in different folders) to the standard files included in the release distributions. If you follow this advice, the approach described in this sub-section is the best for you, if you don't follow this advice, see later section on dealing with customised files.

- if you have a lot of set-up files, or other custom files, (i.e. files with names that are not part of release), these won't be overwritten by files in the release distribution, but you do want to keep them;
- or if you are downloading on a different computer, or on a different disc, to where you are running MX, it is easiest to keep your MX installation in the same place
Note the forum administrator, David, (see this post) recommends this particular approach.
After downloading a new release unzip it on the device/disc where you down load it. Next stop your existing Cumulus MX software and take a backup of your existing installation. After that, simply copy the files (optionally only those that have newer dates because they have changed) into the existing MX directory on the device where you run MX. Then you know all your existing files are there, and your MX can be run as before.
The great advantage of this approach, and the reason that it is widely recommended as best, is that you can't lose any data or configuration files (i.e. files that are not part of the release distribution).
Provided you did the backup, the only problem with this approach is that in some releases files are removed from the distribution, yet unless you check carefully, this approach may leave files that are no longer required in your installation, and it is just possible you might continue to use the obsolete file instead of the intended alternative. Such a non-standard installation is difficult for others to support. So do check through file by file to ensure you only have files in the distribution you have just installed, not any from earlier distributions. The only files that you still want (that are not in distribution) will be those that either configure your system or contain your data in log files.
- The updated files can be tracked by their modification date, some will be specified in the release notes (find them on this forum). There is a list indicating what files vary in this Wiki article.
- In general, especially if updating a major release, it is best to overwrite with all files in zip, whether they are listed as changed or not. This ensures you have a consistent set of files, and avoids any issues when the developer does not correctly list all the files that have changed, or a file might be regressed to an earlier version and not have a newer date than the file in your previous installation.

Example: downloading on PC and installing on pi

On your pc: Download zip either from Software for latest version or from https://github.com/cumulusmx/CumulusMX/releases for earlier versions.
On your pc: Use Filezilla (or similar file transfer program, or it might even be a copy over network depending on way set up) to transfer zip to pi (e.g. FileZilla CumulusMXDist3089.zip to /home/pi), but remember you might want to install to a different location (perhaps on an external USB drive, or SSD)
Control C on pi to stop MX
On pi go to directory where zip now is, for example it might be cd /home/pi
Unzip the installation over your existing installation, by running on your Raspberry Pi this instruction: unzip -o CumulusMXDist3089.zip
Restart MX
Remove any files that were needed by earlier releases but release announcement says are not needed by the release you are installing

After an update if you use the standard web template files

web folder from zip

The new web template files will be in your web folder and MX will process the new files and upload the web pages produced as before with no further action by you.

webfiles folder from zip

You do need a further action, if any files in this folder have been updated. The updated files must be uploaded to your web site.

This may be easy to forget if you use the standard web templates, because you thought that upload was a one-off and maybe you cannot remember what you did.

Certain third-party web-pages still use files from that folder, if one of the files they use has been updated, then ensure you have a backup of your web site before you upload the updated file, it should work, but it might not, and you might need to regress.

Let me go through the files currently in webfiles folder:

weatherstyle.css has not been updated since its last update by Steve Loft in 2009.
subfolder images contains 2 pictures that have stayed same since MX launch
subfolder js contains one file. The file \CumulusMX\webfiles\js\cumuluscharts.js has changed in a lot of releases. The standard web page trends.htm will only work if the correct version of that file has been uploaded to your web site and placed in a sub-folder "js" of where "trends.htm" is installed. BCJKiwi's user interface charts.php also requires the same JavaScript file, so upload the file anytime it is updated in a MX release.
subfolder lib currently contains 3 folders:
- highstock - this folder is no longer needed on your web site
- jquery - this folder is needed for "trends,htm" to work, but it has not been updated since 2014. Both the files included are obsolete packages, no longer officially available, and there are no plans to replace them.
- steelseries - this folder has 3 sub-folders, and I can only think of 2 MX releases when anything was changed here, and I don't anticipate any further changes.

Updating when files within release might overwrite your own edits

web site files

If you have edited any files that sit on your web site, to give the look you desire, or the content you want (e.g. adding rain this month to this month page, or combining this month and this year page), see if the release notice says that file has been revised, if it has not then it is easy to keep your edited file by not copying in the replacement file from within the zip. If the release revises any file you previously edited, take a backup of your edited file, before you copy the new file into your folder. You can then use a file comparing tool to see what has changed in the release and what you changed and hopefully manage to merge to a new file that keeps any functionality change in a new release and keeps your customisation.

If you have done major customisation to the standard website then you probably have followed the guidance and stored your new web page templates in a different directory and you use Extra Files to specify where they are, so they cannot be overwritten and the new MX will still find them.

admin interface files

If you have done any customisation to the interface (perhaps you don't like seeing solar in the tables when you don't measure that) then again you can skip over these files when copying. Hopefully you will have copies of the files that you have customised of the interface folder so you have ability to copy them back into installation if you do overwrite with the release version.

You do have to be careful, as many releases change the interface in some way and all the various components of the interface have to work together as a coherent unit. For instance when feels like was added to MX, the api used for sending data from the MX engine to the admin interface was updated. In another release, adding a new web page, all the navigation menus were adjusted in all web pages. A HTML page may be edited to refer to a different styling page (so it and the .css file must be updated together) or to a different script (so the .HTML and the .js file must be updated together. Many web pages are dependent on the correct pair of json files to define the options or values that appear on that web page. So files are interdependent, and you cannot always update some but not all of the admin interface pages.

Be prepared to go back to the standard file for whatever you customised if something it depends upon has changed, after all you must not lose any vital functionality.

On my site, my own versions of interface files have a "_" (underline character) added to the standard MX file name (before the "." and the relevant extension). This applies to both HTML pages, and JavaScript files that I have edited. I edit the menu items within my edited pages so those all go to my versions where I have a HTML customised page, leaving unchanged the menu items that can still go to a standard MX web page where I don't have my own version of the .HTML page. This makes it easy for me to navigate between my pages, as all of them link to my other pages. If I am on a standard MX page and want to go to one of my customised pages, I select the equivalent standard page, then edit the URL to add the underline and get easily to my page. This naming means I can always use a standard page instead of my customised page when I need to and I never miss out on any new features.

After update - checking for bugs in MX or mistakes in your installation

Start the new installation of MX and watch out for any errors - If the device you run MX on has a monitor, then look in the terminal/command window. In all cases look at the latest file in the MXdiags folder to see if any errors are reported.

Also keep an eye on the support forum for first few days, some releases do have bugs, as developer cannot test all possible configurations.

Updating if you use a virus Checker

You may find that virus checkers such as Windows Defender reject your new version of MX. They need to be told it is safe.

Updating if you use the start/stop management script

This section contributed by Jank on support forum. Note the version on the forum might have been updated from the original included here.

1. look on Software download page, find the link to latest version, and fill out the '...' below appropriately as you run these 2 commands on your device where you do downloads:

cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/cumulusmx/CumulusMX/ ... .zip

2. Once that download is complete, start cumulusmx.sh with option -u

/home/pi/CumulusMX/cumulusmx.sh -u

3.When asked for the zip file, enter

/tmp/CumulusMXDist

and hit the TAB Button

4.Choose the zip file with the CumulusMX update and hit return.

5. Follow the on screen instructions

6. With each update component .....you can choose: [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename

I would recommend select A as that will simply replace all files without further action.

CumulusMX will be restarted after update completes.

You can check if the update was successful by using option -s:

 /home/pi/CumulusMX/cumulusmx.sh -s

Updating MX to new version